First Aid Merit Badge – A Complete Guide

Introduction

***Disclaimer – I am not a medical professional. First aid skills are extremely important and using improper first aid techniques could cost someone their life. Make sure to discuss your first aid skills with a trained counselor or medical professional to ensure your and others’ safety.***

First aid is an extremely important skill for everyone, not just Scouts. You’ll use first aid throughout your life, even if you don’t plan on entering a medical field. From properly patching up a simple cut to helping someone having a stroke or other major medical emergency; The first aid merit badge will teach you countless important skills.

As an Eagle required badge, you’ll need to take this badge on your Path To Eagle. I recommend taking first aid early on in your path to eagle as many other badges will require first aid as a prerequisite.

Timeframe/Difficulty

As one of the simpler eagle required merit badges, first aid can be completed fairly quickly and easily. The badge is commonly offered at weeklong summer camps and most of the requirements are fairly easy to complete. Even though the requirements are fairly straightforward, I recommend taking extra time to not only learn but master the skills taught in this badge. First skills can be life saving in certain situatio56 will serve you throughout your scouting career and life. With that taken in mind, I would recommend dedicating a couple of weeks to this merit badge.

As discussed earlier, first aid is not an overly difficult merit badge. So long as you have proper instruction, anyone should be able to complete all of the requirements with ease. I would give first aid a 2/10 difficulty rating.

Tips for Success

Tip #1

Take a First Aid/CPR Course . The skills required for first aid are rather complex and it is important to learn them from a properly certified instructor. Giving proper first aid can be the difference between life and death. I recommend taking a course from the red cross. More info about red cross courses can be found here – https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class

Tip #2

Take first aid early in your Scouting journey. As discussed above, first aid is an important skill throughout Scouting and the first aid merit badge is a prerequisite for many other badges that you’ll have to earn before becoming and Eagle Scout.

Complete Guide

***This guide is only intended as a starting point for your research. Directly copying the information offered here is plagiarism. Doing your own research will allow you to get the most out of this badge and maintain the 12 points of the scout law. A scout is trustworthy!***

Requirement 1

1.Demonstrate to your counselor that you have current knowledge of all first-aid requirements for Tenderfoot, Second Class, and First Class ranks.

This requirement references other requirements so I’ll go through them rank by rank.

Tenderfoot

1. Show first aid for the following:
   • Simple cuts and scrapes
   • Blisters on the hand and foot
   • Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first-degree)
   • Bites or stings of insects and ticks
   • Venomous snakebite
   • Nosebleed
   • Frostbite and sunburn
   • Choking
2. Describe common poisonous or hazardous plants; identify any that grow in your local area or campsite location. Tell how to treat for exposure to them.
3. Tell what you can do while on a campout or other outdoor activity to prevent or reduce the occurrence of injuries or exposure listed in Tenderfoot requirements 4a and 4b.
4. Assemble a personal first-aid kit to carry with you on future campouts and hikes. Tell how each item in the kit would be used.

Part A

1. Simple Cuts and Scrapes:
   • Wash your hands thoroughly.
   • Clean the wound gently with mild soap and water.
   • Use an antiseptic solution and apply an antibiotic ointment.
   • Cover the cut or scrape with a sterile bandage or gauze pad.
2. Blisters on the Hand and Foot:
   • Wash your hands and the blister with soap and water.
   • Apply a blister bandage or moleskin to protect it.
   • Avoid popping the blister, but if it does pop, clean it gently, apply an antibiotic ointment, and cover it with a sterile bandage.
3. Minor (Thermal/Heat) Burns or Scalds (Superficial, or First-Degree):
   • Cool the burn under running cold water for about 10 minutes.
   • Avoid using ice as it can damage the tissue.
   • Cover the burn with a clean, non-stick bandage.
   • Take over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary.
4. Bites or Stings of Insects and Ticks:
   • Remove the stinger if it’s a bee sting using a scraping motion.
     • This can be done with a credit card or other piece of hard plastic
   • Wash the affected area with soap and water.
   • Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling.
   • Take an antihistamine or use an anti-itch cream for itching.
   • If the victim is allergic or might to be allergic to the stings get medical help immediately
5. Venomous Snakebite:
   • Keep the affected limb immobilized.
   • Seek emergency medical help immediately.
   • Wash the bite area gently with soap and water, but do not apply ice.
   • Do not try to suck out the venom or make cuts around the bite.
6. Nosebleed:
   • Pinch the nostrils together and lean forward slightly.
   • Breathe through the mouth.
   • Apply continuous pressure for about 10-15 minutes.
   • If bleeding persists, seek medical attention.
7. Frostbite and Sunburn:
   • For frostbite, warm the affected area slowly with warm (not hot) water.
   • For sunburn, cool the skin with a cold compress and apply aloe vera or over-the-counter sunburn relief.
   • Stay hydrated and take pain relievers if necessary.
8. Choking:
   • Encourage the person to cough forcefully.
   • If the person can’t cough, perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) and back blows
   • Be prepared to perform CPR if the person becomes unresponsive.

Part B

This part will varying depending on where you live. This article by poison.org has a list of common poisonous plants along with pictures for you to easily be able to identify them. The most common poisonous plants you are likely to encounter while camping or poison ivy, oak or sumac. These plants have a oil on them that causes severe irritation to skin if it makes contact. There is no treatment so it’s best to try and avoid contact by wearing long pants and staying on trails. If you do have contact poison ivy or a related species, flush the area with soap and water.

Part C

Here are some ideas to get you started

• Plan and Prepare:
  • Research the area and know the terrain, weather conditions, and any potential hazards.
  • Inform someone about your plans, including your route and expected return time.
• Appropriate Footwear:
  • Wear sturdy, well-fitted, and appropriate footwear for the terrain.
  • Break in new footwear before the trip to avoid blisters.
• Hydration:
  • Carry an adequate supply of water and stay hydrated throughout the trip.
  • Avoid excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption, as they can contribute to dehydration.
• Nutrition:
  • Pack nutritious and energy-rich snacks and meals.
  • Ensure a balanced diet to maintain energy levels.
• First Aid Kit:
  • Carry a well-stocked first aid kit tailored to the nature of the activity and the group size.
  • Include items for treating cuts, blisters, sprains, and insect bites.
• Insect Protection:
  • Use insect repellent to minimize the risk of insect bites.
  • Wear appropriate clothing to protect against ticks and mosquitoes.
• Sun Protection:
  • Use sunscreen with a high SPF to protect against UV rays.
  • Wear a hat and sunglasses to shield yourself from the sun.

This is not a fully comprehensive list so be sure think about your individual needs and come up with some of your own ideas.\

Part D

A first aid kit should be customized to fit your specific needs. You should also know exactly what is in your kit and where so you can easily access supplies in an emergency situation. With that being said, this checklist from REI gives you a good place to start when creating your first aid kit.

Second Class

1. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
   • Object in the eye
   • Bite of a warm-blooded animal
   • Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook
   • Serious burns (partial thickness, or second-degree)
   • Heat exhaustion
   • Shock
   • Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation
2. Show what to do for hurry cases of stopped breathing, stroke, severe bleeding, and ingested poisoning.
3. Tell what you can do while on a campout or hike to prevent or reduce the occurrence of the injuries listed in Second Class requirements 6a and 6b.
4. Explain what to do in case of accidents that require emergency response in the home and backcountry. Explain what constitutes an emergency and what information you will need to provide to a responder.
5. Tell how you should respond if you come upon the scene of a vehicular accident.

Part A

1. Object in the Eye:
   • Do not rub the eye.
   • Wash your hands thoroughly before touching the eye area.
   • Try to flush the eye gently with clean water using an eyecup or by pouring water over the eye from a clean container.
   • If the object is visible and easy to remove, you can try to remove it with a clean, moistened cotton swab or the corner of a clean tissue. If unsuccessful or if there is pain, seek medical attention.
2. Bite of a Warm-Blooded Animal:
   • Wash the wound with soap and water.
   • Apply an antiseptic ointment.
   • Elevate the affected area if possible.
   • Seek medical attention, especially for bites from animals that may carry rabies (bats, raccoons, foxes, etc.).
3. Puncture Wounds from a Splinter, Nail, and Fishhook:
   • For splinters, use sterilized tweezers to gently remove it.
   • For nails or fishhooks, do not remove them. Seek medical attention for proper removal.
   • Clean the wound with soap and water.
   • Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover with a clean bandage.
4. Serious Burns (Partial Thickness or Second-Degree):
   • Cool the burn with cool, running water for about 10-20 minutes.
   • Do not use ice or very cold water.
   • Cover the burn with a clean, non-stick bandage.
   • Seek medical attention for serious burns.
5. Heat Exhaustion:
   • Move the person to a cooler place.
   • Have them rest and drink cool water.
   • Apply cool compresses to the skin.
   • If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention.
6. Shock:
   • Have the person lie down and elevate their legs if possible.
   • Keep them warm with a blanket.
   • Do not give them anything to eat or drink.
   • Try to keep the victim conscious and speaking
   • Seek medical attention immediately.
7. Heatstroke, Dehydration, Hypothermia, and Hyperventilation:
   • For heatstroke, move the person to a cooler place, cool them down with water or ice packs, and seek emergency medical help.
   • For dehydration, encourage sips of water and seek medical attention if severe.
   • For hypothermia, gradually warm the person and seek medical help.
   • For hyperventilation, have the person breathe into a paper bag or breathe slowly and deeply. Seek medical attention if necessary.

Part B

1. Stopped Breathing (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – CPR):
   • Check for responsiveness: Tap the person and shout, “Are you okay?”
   • Call for emergency help immediately.
   • Begin CPR: If the person is not breathing, start chest compressions. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest (usually between the nipples), and place the other hand on top. Perform compressions at a rate of at least 100-120 compressions per minute, allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
   • Rescue breaths or no longer recommended to be given by untrained professionals. The most important thing to focus on is giving proper chest compressions.
2. Stroke:
   • Remember the acronym FAST:
     • F: Face Drooping – Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
     • A: Arm Weakness – Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
     • S: Speech Difficulty – Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is their speech slurred or strange?
     • T: Time to Call 911 – If you observe any of these signs, call emergency services immediately.
   • While waiting for help, keep the person comfortable and reassure them.
3. Severe Bleeding:
   • Call for emergency help immediately.
   • Put on disposable gloves, if available.
   • Apply direct pressure to the wound using a sterile bandage or clean cloth.
   • Maintain pressure and elevate the injured limb if possible.
   • If bleeding doesn’t stop, continue applying pressure and consider using a tourniquet (as a last resort).
   • Keep the person calm and reassured.
4. Ingested Poisoning:
   • Call your local poison control center or emergency services immediately.
   • Do not induce vomiting unless advised by a medical professional or poison control.
   • If the person is conscious, try to determine the substance ingested and have the container on hand for reference.
   • If the person is unconscious, not breathing, or having difficulty breathing, start CPR and continue until medical help arrives.
   • If the poison is on the skin, remove contaminated clothing and rinse the skin with running water.

Part C

This requirement will be similar to part c in the tenderfoot requirements.

Part D

At Home:

1. Emergency Response in the Home:
   • Assess the Situation: Check for safety hazards and ensure your safety before providing assistance.
   • Call for Help: Dial emergency services immediately (911 or the relevant emergency number in your region).
   • Perform Basic First Aid: If trained, administer basic first aid until professional help arrives.
   • Provide Clear Information: Clearly communicate the nature of the emergency, the number of people involved, and any specific details about injuries or medical conditions.
2. What Constitutes an Emergency at Home:
   • Life-Threatening Injuries: Severe bleeding, unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, chest pain, seizures, etc.
   • Major Accidents: Fires, falls from heights, poisoning, etc.
   • Medical Emergencies: Heart attacks, strokes, severe allergic reactions, etc.
   • Severe Burns or Electrical Shocks: These can be life-threatening.
3. Information to Provide to Responders:
   • Nature of Emergency: Clearly describe the type of emergency.
   • Location: Provide the address and any specific location details within the home.
   • Number of People Involved: Indicate how many individuals are affected.
   • Injuries or Medical Conditions: Share information about the injuries or medical conditions present.
   • Hazards: Report any potential dangers, such as fire or gas leaks.

In the Backcountry:

1. Emergency Response in the Backcountry:
   • Assess Safety: Ensure your own safety and the safety of others before providing assistance.
   • Activate Emergency Plan: If part of a group, activate your emergency response plan, including notifying trip leaders and other participants.
   • Call for Help: Use a satellite phone, emergency beacon, or any available means to call for help.
   • Provide First Aid: Administer first aid based on your training and the specific situation.
2. What Constitutes an Emergency in the Backcountry:
   • Serious Injuries: Broken bones, head injuries, severe cuts, etc.
   • Medical Emergencies: Heart attacks, severe allergic reactions, etc.
   • Lost or Stranded: Inability to find the way back to camp or civilization.
   • Severe Weather Conditions: Exposure to extreme cold, heat, or storms.
3. Information to Provide to Responders:
   • Location: Provide your GPS coordinates, trail name, or any identifiable landmarks.
   • Nature of Emergency: Clearly describe the type of emergency or injury.
   • Number of People Involved: Indicate how many individuals are affected.
   • Injuries or Medical Conditions: Share information about the injuries or medical conditions present.
   • Weather Conditions: Report current weather conditions that may affect rescue operations.

Part E

1. Ensure Your Safety:
   • Prioritize your safety and the safety of others. Assess the situation for any ongoing hazards, such as traffic, fire, or leaking fluids.
   • Park your vehicle at a safe distance from the accident scene, preferably on the same side of the road, and turn on hazard lights.
2. Call for Emergency Assistance:
   • Dial emergency services immediately (911 or the relevant emergency number in your region).
   • Provide the dispatcher with essential information:
     • Your location (include any landmarks or mile markers).
     • The number of vehicles involved.
     • The severity of injuries.
     • Any potential hazards, such as fire or leaking fluids.
3. Assess the Situation:
   • If it’s safe to do so, approach the accident scene cautiously.
   • Check for signs of life and assess the severity of injuries. Avoid moving injured individuals unless there is an immediate threat (e.g., fire).
   • Be aware of your surroundings and any potential dangers.
4. Provide Initial First Aid:
   • If you have basic first aid training and it’s safe to approach, provide assistance to those in need:
     • Check for responsiveness and breathing.
     • Control bleeding with direct pressure using a clean cloth.
     • Keep injured individuals calm and reassure them until professional help arrives.
5. Warn Oncoming Traffic:
   • If necessary and safe, use hazard triangles, flares, or other warning signals to alert oncoming traffic about the accident scene.
   • Direct traffic away from the scene if possible.
6. Do Not Move Seriously Injured Individuals:
   • Avoid moving seriously injured individuals unless there is an immediate danger (e.g., fire or explosion).
   • Moving an injured person improperly can exacerbate injuries.
7. Stay Calm and Reassure Others:
   • Stay calm and provide reassurance to those involved in the accident.
   • Encourage them to remain in their vehicles or move to a safe area if possible.
8. Cooperate with Emergency Responders:
   • Follow the instructions of emergency responders when they arrive.
   • Provide them with any information you have gathered.

First Class

1. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle and for injuries on the head, the upper arm, and the collarbone.
2. By yourself and with a partner, show how to:
   • Transport a person from a smoke-filled room.
   • Transport for at least 25 yards a person with a sprained ankle.
3. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
4. Tell what utility services exist in your home or meeting place. Describe potential hazards associated with these utilities and tell how to respond in emergency situations.
5. Develop an emergency action plan for your home that includes what to do in case of fire, storm, power outage, and water outage.
6. Explain how to obtain potable water in an emergency.

Part A & B

These requirements are best explained through video so I’ve linked 2 videos below which will go over both of these requirements.

Part C

Five Most Common Signals of a Heart Attack:

1. Chest Discomfort or Pain:
   • Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center or left side of the chest that may come and go or persist.
2. Discomfort in Upper Body:
   • Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
3. Shortness of Breath:
   • Feeling short of breath or having difficulty breathing, often accompanying chest discomfort.
4. Cold Sweat:
   • Sudden onset of cold sweats, even in the absence of physical exertion or high temperatures.
5. Nausea or Lightheadedness:
   • Feeling nauseated or lightheaded, sometimes accompanied by fainting.

Steps in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR):

Performing CPR can be crucial in the event of cardiac arrest. Here are the steps:

1. Check for Responsiveness:
   • Tap the person and shout, “Are you okay?” If there’s no response, the person is not breathing normally, and emergency help hasn’t been summoned, begin CPR.
2. Call for Emergency Help:
   • If you’re alone, perform CPR for about 2 minutes before calling for emergency help. If others are present, instruct someone to call emergency services immediately.
3. Open the Airway:
   • Place the person on their back on a firm surface. Tilt the head backward slightly to open the airway.
4. Check for Breathing:
   • Look, listen, and feel for signs of normal breathing. If the person is not breathing or only gasping, begin chest compressions.
5. Perform Chest Compressions:
   • Position your hands on the center of the person’s chest (usually between the nipples).
   • Perform chest compressions at a rate of at least 100-120 compressions per minute.
   • Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
6. Continue CPR:
   • Continue CPR until emergency medical help arrives or the person starts breathing on their own.
   • If you become fatigued, switch with another trained person if available.
7. Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED):
   • If an AED is available, follow the device’s voice prompts. Attach the pads as directed and stand clear while the AED analyzes the heart rhythm.

Part D

The utility services in a home or meeting place can include electricity, gas, water, and sometimes other services like heating or air conditioning. Each of these utilities poses specific hazards, and it’s important to be aware of potential risks and know how to respond in emergency situations.

Electricity:

Potential Hazards:

• Electrical shock or electrocution.
• Fire hazards from faulty wiring or overloaded circuits.
• Electrical burns.

Emergency Response:

1. Electrical Shock:
   • Do not touch the person if they are still in contact with the electrical source.
   • Turn off the power source if possible or unplug the device.
   • If the person is not breathing or responsive, initiate CPR and seek emergency medical help.
2. Fire Hazards:
   • Use circuit breakers to shut off power in case of electrical fires.
   • Never use water on an electrical fire. Use a Class C fire extinguisher.

Gas:

Potential Hazards:

• Gas leaks leading to fire or explosion.
• Carbon monoxide poisoning from faulty gas appliances.

Emergency Response:

1. Gas Leak:
   • Evacuate the area immediately and call emergency services.
   • Do not use electrical devices, light matches, or create sparks.
   • If you can do so safely, turn off the gas supply at the main valve.
2. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:
   • If experiencing symptoms like dizziness, nausea, or confusion, leave the area immediately.
   • Seek medical attention and ventilate the space.
   • Install carbon monoxide detectors in living areas.

Water:

Potential Hazards:

• Flooding leading to structural damage.
• Slip and fall hazards.

Emergency Response:

1. Flooding:
   • Turn off the main water supply if possible.
   • Move valuable items to higher ground.
   • Use sandbags or other barriers if available.
2. Slip and Fall Hazards:
   • Immediately clean up any water spills to prevent slips and falls.
   • Use caution and mark wet areas with warning signs.

Heating/Air Conditioning:

Potential Hazards:

• Fire hazards from faulty equipment.
• Carbon monoxide poisoning from gas heating.

Emergency Response:

1. Fire Hazards:
   • Ensure proper maintenance of heating equipment.
   • Install smoke detectors and have fire extinguishers on hand.
   • Evacuate the building in case of a fire and call emergency services.
2. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:
   • Ensure proper ventilation for gas-powered heating equipment.
   • Install carbon monoxide detectors.
   • If experiencing symptoms, leave the area, seek fresh air, and seek medical attention.

Part E

This requirement requires you to meet with your family and make a plan. If you want more info about making an emergency plan, check out my article about the emergency preparedness merit badge which goes into great detail about making an emergency plan.

Part F

1. Stored Water:

• Ideally, every household should have an emergency water supply stored in advance.
• Store at least one gallon of water per person per day for a minimum of three days.
• Use clean, airtight containers, and store the water in a cool, dark place.

2. Water Filtration:

• Portable water filters are effective for purifying water from natural sources like rivers or lakes.
• Look for filters with a micron size small enough to remove bacteria and protozoa.
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper usage.

3. Water Purification Tablets:

• Water purification tablets, such as chlorine or iodine tablets, are lightweight and easy to use.
• Follow the instructions on the package for the correct dosage and waiting time before drinking.

4. Boiling:

• Boiling water is one of the most effective methods to kill bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
• Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute (or three minutes at higher altitudes).

Requirement 1 Conclusion

Now that was certainly a long first requirement. There is a lot to learn with first aid and hopefully after completely these requirements you now know what to do in a variety of first aid situations.

Requirement 2

Explain how you would obtain emergency medical assistance from:

1. Your home
2. A remote location on a wilderness camping trip
3. An activity on open water

A breath of fresh air with this short requirement

1. From Your Home:

1. Assess the Situation:
   • Quickly assess the severity of the medical emergency. Ensure your own safety before assisting the person in need.
2. Call Emergency Services:
   • Dial the emergency services number in your region (e.g., 911 in the United States).
   • Clearly provide your location, the nature of the emergency, and details about the patient’s condition.
3. Follow Instructions:
   • Follow any instructions given by the emergency dispatcher. They may provide guidance on immediate first aid or other actions while waiting for help to arrive.
4. Provide Basic First Aid:
   • If you are trained in first aid, administer basic first aid as instructed by the dispatcher. This may include CPR, controlling bleeding, or stabilizing the patient.
5. Prepare for Arrival of Emergency Services:
   • Clear the pathway for emergency responders.
   • Gather any relevant medical information about the patient, such as medications or known allergies.

2. From a Remote Location on a Wilderness Camping Trip:

1. Assess the Situation:
   • Evaluate the severity of the medical situation and ensure the safety of yourself and others.
2. Activate Emergency Services:
   • If you have cell reception, call emergency services and provide your precise location using GPS coordinates or landmarks.
   • If there’s no cell reception, consider using a satellite communicator or emergency beacon to call for help.
3. Signal for Help:
   • Use signaling devices such as a whistle, mirror, or brightly colored fabric to attract attention from potential rescuers.
4. Provide Basic First Aid:
   • Administer basic first aid if you have the necessary skills and equipment. Focus on stabilizing the patient and preventing further harm.
5. Wait for Help:
   • Stay with the patient and wait for professional help to arrive. If it’s safe to do so, create a comfortable and sheltered environment for the patient.

3. From an Activity on Open Water:

1. Assess the Situation:
   • Determine the nature and severity of the medical emergency. Ensure the safety of everyone on the watercraft.
2. Call for Help:
   • Use a marine radio or satellite phone to call the Coast Guard or emergency services.
   • Provide your precise location, nature of the emergency, and the number of people on board.
3. Signal for Help:
   • Use signaling devices such as flares or an emergency whistle to attract attention from other vessels or rescue teams.
4. Provide Basic First Aid:
   • Administer basic first aid if you have the necessary skills and equipment. Stabilize the patient and prevent further harm.
5. Prepare for Evacuation:
   • If evacuation is necessary, follow the instructions given by emergency services or the Coast Guard.
   • Have life jackets and emergency equipment readily accessible.

Requirement 3

Define the term triage. Explain the steps necessary to assess and handle a medical emergency until help arrives

Triage: Triage is a medical term used to prioritize and categorize patients based on the severity of their injuries or medical conditions. The primary goal of triage is to allocate resources efficiently and provide timely care to those who need it the most, especially in emergency situations or mass casualty incidents. The term originated from the French word “trier,” meaning “to sort.”

Steps to Assess and Handle a Medical Emergency Until Help Arrives:

1. Assess the Scene:
   • Ensure your safety and the safety of others at the scene.
   • Identify potential hazards, and address them if possible.
2. Check for Responsiveness:
   • Approach the person in need and check for responsiveness by tapping and shouting, “Are you okay?”
   • If there is no response, the person is not breathing normally, or only gasping, consider it a medical emergency.
3. Call for Help:
   • Dial emergency services immediately (e.g., 911 or the relevant emergency number in your region).
   • Provide essential information: location, nature of the emergency, number of patients, and your contact number.
4. Provide Initial First Aid:
   • If trained, provide basic first aid. This may include checking for breathing, controlling bleeding, and stabilizing injuries.
   • Prioritize interventions based on the severity of the condition.
5. Perform Triage:
   • If there are multiple casualties, perform a rapid assessment to identify and categorize patients based on the severity of their injuries or illnesses.
   • Use a simple system, such as the “ABCs” (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) to prioritize patients:
     • Immediate (Red): Patients with life-threatening conditions requiring immediate attention.
     • Delayed (Yellow): Patients with serious injuries that are not immediately life-threatening.
     • Minor (Green): Patients with minor injuries.
     • Expectant (Black): Patients with severe injuries or illnesses unlikely to survive.
6. Reassure and Comfort:
   • Reassure and comfort patients to alleviate anxiety and stress.
   • Communicate clearly, providing information about the situation and the actions being taken.
7. Maintain Patient Comfort and Warmth:
   • Keep patients comfortable and warm, especially in adverse weather conditions.
   • Protect them from further harm or exposure.
8. Continue Monitoring:
   • Continuously monitor the condition of patients.
   • Reassess and update triage categories if necessary.
9. Provide Information to Responders:
   • When professional help arrives, provide them with information about the patients, the triage assessment, and any interventions performed.
10. Assist with Evacuation:
    • Follow the instructions of emergency responders regarding evacuation and further medical care.
    • Assist with moving patients to designated areas for transportation

Requirement 4

Explain the standard precautions as applied to the transmission of infections. Discuss the ways you should protect yourself and the victim while administering first aid.

Standard Precautions: Standard precautions are a set of infection prevention practices used in healthcare to minimize the risk of transmission of infectious agents between patients and healthcare workers. These precautions are designed to be applied universally to all patients, regardless of their infectious status, to protect both healthcare providers and patients. The key components of standard precautions include:

1. Hand Hygiene:
   • Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before and after providing care.
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
   • Use appropriate PPE based on the nature of the task and potential for exposure:
     • Gloves: Protect hands when touching blood, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces.
     • Masks, goggles, or face shields: Protect the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth during procedures that may generate splashes or sprays.
     • Gowns or aprons: Protect clothing and skin during procedures that may result in exposure to blood or body fluids.
3. Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette:
   • Encourage respiratory hygiene by covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing.
   • Dispose of tissues properly and perform hand hygiene afterward.
4. Safe Injection Practices:
   • Use aseptic techniques when preparing and administering injections.
   • Do not reuse needles or syringes.
5. Safe Handling of Contaminated Equipment:
   • Handle and dispose of sharps (needles, lancets) safely in puncture-resistant containers.
   • Properly clean and disinfect equipment and surfaces that may be contaminated with blood or bodily fluids.
6. Environmental Cleaning:
   • Clean and disinfect surfaces and equipment regularly, especially those frequently touched.

Applying Standard Precautions in First Aid:

1. Hand Hygiene:
   • Wash your hands thoroughly before and after providing first aid.
   • If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
2. Gloves:
   • Wear disposable gloves when there is a potential for contact with blood or bodily fluids.
   • Change gloves between caring for different individuals.
   • Dispose of used gloves properly.
3. Masks, Goggles, or Face Shields:
   • Use masks, goggles, or face shields if there is a risk of splashes or sprays of blood or bodily fluids, especially if performing procedures like CPR.
4. Respiratory Hygiene:
   • Encourage the victim to cover their mouth and nose if they are coughing or sneezing.
   • Maintain a safe distance when possible.
5. Safe Handling of Contaminated Items:
   • Dispose of contaminated materials, such as used dressings, in a sealed plastic bag.
   • Use appropriate containers for sharp objects like used needles.
6. Environmental Cleaning:
   • If possible, clean and disinfect surfaces before providing first aid.
   • Use protective barriers (e.g., disposable sheets) when available.
7. Limiting Exposure:
   • Minimize direct contact with blood and bodily fluids.
   • Use a barrier (such as a clean cloth) between you and the victim whenever possible.
8. Communication and Reassurance:
   • Clearly communicate with the victim about the care you are providing.
   • Reassure the victim and encourage them to participate in their care.

Requirement 5

Do the following:

1. Prepare a first-aid kit for your home. Display and discuss its contents with your counselor.
2. With an adult leader, inspect your troop’s first-aid kit. Evaluate it for completeness. Report your findings to your counselor and Scout leader.

Part A

A first aid kit for you home will be different that an first aid kit for camping. This is because the hazards you face at home are different than the ones faced while camping. This list from the Mayo Clinic gives a good overview of what to include in a home first aid kit.

Part B

A troop first aid kid should should be stocked with enough supplies to match the size of the troop. The larger the troop, the larger the first aid kit should be. You should also make sure the first kit is stored somewhere visible and accessible in case of an emergency.

Requirement 6

Describe the early signs and symptoms of each of the following and explain what actions you should take:

1. Shock
2. Heart attack
3. Stroke

Starting to see some overlap with the requirements now. We talked about each of these conditions in requirement 1 one but I’ll go over them again here. Repetition is key to remembering.

1. Shock:
   • Early Signs and Symptoms:
     • Rapid or weak pulse
     • Shallow, rapid breathing
     • Cold and clammy skin
     • Weakness or dizziness
     • Confusion or altered mental state
     • Bluish tint to lips and fingernails (cyanosis)
   • Actions to Take:
     • Call for emergency medical help immediately.
     • Lay the person down and elevate their legs if possible, unless they have a head, neck, back, or leg injury.
     • Keep the person warm with a blanket.
     • If the person is conscious and not vomiting, give them sips of water.
2. Heart Attack:
   • Early Signs and Symptoms:
     • Chest discomfort or pain that may feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain.
     • Pain or discomfort radiating to the arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach.
     • Shortness of breath.
     • Cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness.
   • Actions to Take:
     • Call for emergency medical help immediately.
     • If the person is not allergic to aspirin, they may chew one adult aspirin (325 mg) unless otherwise directed by a healthcare professional.
     • Stay with the person, monitor their vital signs, and be prepared to perform CPR if they become unresponsive.
3. Stroke:
   • Early Signs and Symptoms (Remember the FAST acronym):
     • Face drooping: One side of the face may droop or become numb.
     • Arm weakness: One arm may be weak or numb and may drift downward when raised.
     • Speech difficulty: Speech may be slurred, garbled, or completely absent.
     • Time to call for emergency help: If any of these signs are observed, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention.
   • Actions to Take:
     • Call for emergency medical help immediately.
     • Note the time when symptoms started, as this information is crucial for medical professionals.
     • Keep the person calm and comfortable while waiting for medical assistance.

In a medical emergency, never hesitate to call for help. If your ever in doubt, call 911. The paramedics would rather come and not be needed than be needed and not come.

Requirement 7

Do the following:

1. Describe the conditions that must exist before performing CPR on a person. Then demonstrate proper CPR technique using a training device approved by your counselor.
2. Explain the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). Identify the location of the AED at your school, place of worship, and troop meeting place, if one is present.

This requirement requires you to learn hands on how to CPR. CPR or cardiopulmonary resuscitation is used when a persons heart stops or they stop breathing. Preforming CPR can double or even triple the chance of someone surviving. Because of that, it is extremely important that you know how to properly perform it. The best way to learn is from a certified instructor. The Red Cross offers affordable classes that will you teach you the ins and outs of CPR. I highly recommend taking one of these classes. You could even talk to your Scout Master about having your whole Troup take a class together.

Requirement 8

Do the following:

1. Show the steps that need to be taken for someone who has a large open wound or cut that is not bleeding severely.
2. Show the steps that need to be taken for someone who has a large open wound or cut that is severely bleeding.
3. Explain when it is appropriate and not appropriate to use a tourniquet. List some of the benefits and dangers of the use of a tournique.

Part A

Here are the steps you should take

1. Clean Your Hands:
   • Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water or use hand sanitizer if available.
2. Assess the Wound:
   • Examine the wound for debris and foreign objects. If present, do not remove embedded objects; leave this to medical professionals.
3. Clean the Wound:
   • Rinse the wound gently with clean water to remove dirt and debris. Avoid using soap directly in the wound.
4. Apply an Antiseptic:
   • If available, apply an antiseptic or antibiotic ointment to the wound to help prevent infection.
5. Cover the Wound:
   • Use a sterile dressing or a clean cloth to cover the wound. Secure it in place with a bandage or tape.
6. Seek Medical Attention:
   • Even if the bleeding is minimal, it’s important to seek professional medical help for further evaluation and treatment.

Part B

1. Call for Emergency Assistance:
   • Dial emergency services immediately to request professional medical help.
2. Apply Pressure:
   • Use a sterile bandage, clean cloth, or your hand to apply direct pressure to the bleeding wound. Maintain continuous pressure.
3. Elevate the Wound:
   • If possible, elevate the injured area above the level of the heart to help reduce blood flow to the wound.
4. Avoid Tourniquet Use (if possible):
   • Tourniquets should generally be avoided unless bleeding cannot be controlled by direct pressure.
5. Continue Pressure until Help Arrives:
   • Maintain pressure on the wound until professional medical assistance arrives.

Part C

• Appropriate Use:
  • Tourniquets are appropriate when direct pressure and other methods fail to control severe bleeding.
  • Use a tourniquet only as a last resort in life-threatening situations.
• Inappropriate Use:
  • Do not use a tourniquet for minor bleeding or wounds that can be controlled by other means.
  • Avoid using a tourniquet for an extended period as it may cause complications.

Benefits of Tourniquet Use:

• Immediate Blood Flow Control:
  • Tourniquets can quickly and effectively stop severe bleeding in life-threatening situations.
• Life-Saving in Emergencies:
  • In situations where rapid blood loss is occurring, a tourniquet can be a life-saving intervention.

Dangers of Tourniquet Use:

• Tissue Damage:
  • Prolonged use of a tourniquet can lead to tissue damage and potential limb loss.
• Compartment Syndrome:
  • Tourniquets can cause compartment syndrome, leading to nerve and muscle damage.
• Delayed Treatment:
  • Relying solely on a tourniquet may delay the proper medical treatment of the wound.

Important Note: Always prioritize seeking professional medical help as soon as possible. The use of tourniquets should be reserved for extreme situations where severe bleeding cannot be controlled by other means. If you find yourself in a situation requiring first aid, it’s crucial to follow established guidelines and seek immediate medical attention.

Side Note: In Scouts one of my adult leaders was a US Marine combat medic. He told us a few stories of times when he had to apply tourniquets to soldiers in the field. They described it as the most painful thing they had ever experienced. While tourniquets should only be used it life threating situations, if it does need to be used apply it tightly, even if it causing a great deal of pain.

Part D

Steps for Proper Application:

1. Assess the Situation:
   • Confirm that the bleeding is severe and cannot be controlled by direct pressure or other methods. A tourniquet should only be used as a last resort.
2. Prepare the Tourniquet:
   • If using a commercial tourniquet, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for preparation. If improvising, use a wide, non-stretchable band (about 1 to 2 inches wide).
3. Position the Tourniquet:
   • Place the tourniquet 2-3 inches above the bleeding site, between the wound and the heart.
4. Avoid Joints:
   • Ensure that the tourniquet is placed above the joint (e.g., elbow or knee) to avoid interference with the tourniquet’s effectiveness.
5. Secure the Tourniquet:
   • Wrap the tourniquet tightly around the limb, ensuring it is snug but not so tight that it causes additional harm. Fasten the tourniquet in place.
6. Note the Time:
   • If possible, note the time when the tourniquet was applied. This information is crucial for medical professionals.
7. Reassure the Victim:
   • Keep the injured person calm and reassure them that help is on the way. Inform them of the time the tourniquet was applied.
8. Seek Professional Medical Help:
   • Call emergency services immediately and provide information about the situation, including the use of a tourniquet.
9. Document the Application:
   • If possible, write the time the tourniquet was applied on the injured person’s forehead using a pen or marker. This helps communicate critical information to medical professionals.
10. Handover to Medical Professionals:
    • When professional help arrives, provide them with all relevant information, including the time of tourniquet application, and let them take over.

Requirement 9

Explain when a bee sting could be life threatening and what action should be taken for prevention and for first aid.

In most cases, a bee sting causes localized pain, redness, and swelling, and the reaction is mild. However, for some individuals, bee stings can lead to severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Here are the signs that a bee sting could be life-threatening and the actions to take for prevention and first aid:

When a Bee Sting Could Be Life-Threatening:

1. Severe Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis):
   • Some people are highly allergic to bee venom and may experience anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
2. Symptoms of Anaphylaxis:
   • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
   • Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
   • Hives or widespread itching
   • Rapid or weak pulse
   • Drop in blood pressure
   • Loss of consciousness

Prevention:

1. Know Your Allergies:
   • If you have a known allergy to bee stings, take extra precautions, especially during seasons when bees are active.
2. Avoidance:
   • Be cautious around areas where bees are likely to be present, such as gardens, flowering plants, and outdoor picnics.
3. Wear Protective Clothing:
   • If you know you’ll be in an area with a high risk of bee stings, consider wearing long sleeves, pants, and closed-toe shoes.
4. Avoid Sweet Fragrances:
   • Bees are attracted to sweet scents, so avoid using perfumes, lotions, or hair products with strong fragrances.
5. Stay Calm:
   • If a bee is near you, remain calm and still. Swatting at it may provoke an attack.

First Aid for a Bee Sting:

1. Remove the Stinger:
   • If a honeybee stings you, remove the stinger as quickly as possible by scraping it off with a blunt object (e.g., the edge of a credit card). Do not use tweezers, as squeezing the stinger may release more venom.
2. Clean the Area:
   • Wash the affected area with soap and water to help prevent infection.
3. Apply a Cold Compress:
   • Apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a cloth to reduce swelling and pain.
4. Elevate the Area:
   • If the sting is on an extremity, elevate it to minimize swelling.
5. Take Over-the-Counter Medications:
   • Non-prescription antihistamines or pain relievers may help alleviate itching and pain.
6. Monitor for Signs of Allergic Reaction:
   • Keep an eye out for signs of a severe allergic reaction, especially if you know you have a history of bee sting allergies.

Emergency Action for Anaphylaxis:

1. Call for Emergency Medical Help:
   • Dial emergency services immediately if you observe signs of anaphylaxis.
2. Use an Epinephrine Auto-Injector (if available):
   • If the person has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen), administer it according to the instructions.
3. CPR (if necessary):
   • If the person loses consciousness and is not breathing, start CPR.

Anyone who has a known allergy to bee stings should carry an epinephrine auto-injector and know how to use it. If you suspect a severe allergic reaction, do not hesitate to seek emergency medical assistance.

Requirement 10

Do the following:

1. Describe the signs and symptoms of an open or closed fracture or dislocation.
2. Explain what measures should be taken to reduce the likelihood of further complications of fractures and dislocations.

Part A

Open Fracture:

1. Visible Wound:
   • There is an open wound at the site of the fracture, and the broken bone may be visible through the skin.
2. Bleeding:
   • There is bleeding from the wound, which can be severe depending on the size and location of the blood vessels involved.
3. Deformity:
   • The affected limb may appear deformed, and there may be an abnormal angle or shape to the broken bone.
4. Exposed Bone:
   • The broken bone may protrude through the skin, exposing it to the external environment.
5. Risk of Infection:
   • Open fractures carry a higher risk of infection due to the breach in the skin.

Closed Fracture:

A closed fracture, also known as a simple fracture, occurs when the bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin. Signs and symptoms of a closed fracture include:

1. Pain and Swelling:
   • There is pain and swelling at the site of the fracture.
2. Deformity:
   • The affected limb may appear deformed or angulated, depending on the type and location of the fracture.
3. Limited Range of Motion:
   • The person may have difficulty moving the injured limb, and there may be a decreased range of motion.
4. Bruising:
   • Bruising may develop around the injured area due to bleeding into the surrounding tissues.
5. Tenderness:
   • The area around the fracture is likely to be tender to the touch.
6. Sound
   • The person may hear a cracking or crunching noise at the time the injury occurred

Dislocation:

A dislocation occurs when the ends of two connected bones are displaced from their normal position at a joint. Signs and symptoms of a dislocation include:

1. Visible Deformity:
   • There may be a visible deformity or misalignment of the joint, and the affected limb may appear out of place.
2. Pain:
   • There is intense pain at the site of the dislocation.
3. Swelling:
   • Swelling is common around the dislocated joint.
4. Loss of Range of Motion:
   • There is a loss of normal range of motion at the joint, and the person may be unable to move the affected limb.
5. Numbness or Tingling:
   • Numbness or tingling may occur if nerves are affected by the dislocation.

Part B

For Fractures:

1. Immobilize the Injured Limb:
   • Keep the injured limb as still as possible to prevent further movement and potential damage to surrounding tissues. Immobilize the limb using splints or materials like boards, pillows, or clothing.
2. Support the Injured Limb:
   • If possible, support the injured limb in its current position using pillows, cushions, or other available materials to minimize movement.
3. Apply Cold Compress:
   • Apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a cloth to the injured area to help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Avoid applying ice directly to the skin.
4. Elevate the Limb:
   • If feasible and without causing further pain, elevate the injured limb above the level of the heart. This can help reduce swelling.
5. Seek Professional Medical Help:
   • Call for emergency medical assistance. Fractures require professional evaluation, imaging, and appropriate treatment.

For Dislocations:

1. Immobilize the Joint:
   • Prevent any movement at the dislocated joint to avoid further damage. Immobilize the joint by keeping it in the position it was found, if possible.
2. Support the Injured Limb:
   • Provide support to the injured limb using pillows or cushions to keep it in a comfortable position.
3. Apply Cold Compress:
   • Use a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a cloth to reduce swelling around the dislocated joint.
4. Avoid Manipulation:
   • Do not attempt to manipulate or force the dislocated joint back into place unless you are a trained medical professional. Improper attempts can cause additional harm.
5. Seek Professional Medical Help:
   • Call for emergency medical assistance. Dislocations require medical evaluation, and the joint may need to be properly reduced (put back into place) by a healthcare professional.
6. Monitor for Complications:
   • Keep a close eye on the person for signs of complications such as numbness, tingling, changes in skin color, or signs of infection. Report any unusual symptoms promptly.

Requirement 11

Demonstrate the proper procedures for handling and immobilizing suspected closed and open fractures or dislocations
of the:

1. Forearm
2. Wrist
3. Hand and Fingers
4. Upper leg
5. Lower leg
6. Ankle

Here are some guidelines for handling each of the injuries. I recommend practicing immobilizing each of these areas with a friend.
It’s important to note that providing first aid for fractures and dislocations requires training, and the following instructions are general guidelines. If you encounter a situation involving a suspected fracture or dislocation, it’s crucial to call for professional medical assistance immediately.

1. Forearm:

Closed Fracture:

1. Encourage the person to keep the affected arm still.
2. Immobilize the forearm by supporting it with a splint. You can use a rigid material like a board, folded newspaper, or a rolled-up magazine.
3. Place the splint under the forearm and secure it with bandages or cloth, making sure it extends beyond the wrist and elbow.
4. Support the forearm with padding if available.

Open Fracture:

1. If there is an open wound, apply a sterile dressing to cover the wound without putting direct pressure on it.
2. Immobilize the forearm as mentioned above.
3. Seek immediate medical help.

2. Wrist:

1. Encourage the person to keep the wrist still.
2. Use a splint to immobilize the wrist. You can use a rigid material like a board or a rolled-up magazine.
3. Place the splint underneath the wrist and secure it with bandages or cloth.
4. Add padding for comfort.
5. Seek medical help.

3. Hand and Fingers:

1. Keep the hand and fingers as still as possible.
2. Use a splint to support the hand and fingers. You can use materials like cardboard or rolled-up newspapers.
3. Place the splint under the hand and fingers and secure it with bandages.
4. Add padding for comfort.
5. Seek medical help.

4. Upper Leg (Thigh):

1. Encourage the person to stay still.
2. Use a long splint (e.g., a board, rolled-up blankets, or clothing) to support the entire length of the upper leg.
3. Place the splint alongside the leg, securing it with bandages or cloth.
4. Support the leg with padding for comfort.
5. Seek immediate medical help.

5. Lower Leg (Shin and Calf):

1. Encourage the person to keep the leg still.
2. Use a long splint to support the entire length of the lower leg.
3. Place the splint alongside the leg, securing it with bandages or cloth.
4. Add padding for comfort.
5. Seek medical help.

6. Ankle:

1. Encourage the person to keep the ankle still.
2. Use a splint to support the ankle. You can use materials like cardboard or rolled-up newspapers.
3. Place the splint on both sides of the ankle and secure it with bandages or cloth.
4. Add padding for comfort.
5. Seek immediate medical help.

Requirement 12

Describe the signs and symptoms, proper first-aid procedures, and possible prevention measures for the following conditions:

1. Anaphylaxis/allergic reactions
2. Asthma attack
3. Bruises
4. Sprains or strains
5. Hypothermia
6. Frostbite
7. Burns – first, second, and third degree
8. Concussion
9. Convulsions/seizures
10. Someone who is unconscious
11. Dehydration
12. Muscle cramps
13. Heat exhaustion
14. Heat stroke
15. Abdominal pain
16. Broken, chipped, or loosened tooth

This one is a long one but I’ve put together a table summarizing all the information you’ll need to know to complete this requirement.

Condition	Signs and Symptoms	First-Aid Procedures	Prevention Measures
Anaphylaxis/Allergic Reactions	– Difficulty breathing	– Call for emergency help	– Avoid allergens, carry an epinephrine auto-injector if needed
	– Swelling of face and throat	– Administer epinephrine if available	– Identify and manage known allergies
Asthma Attack	– Wheezing, shortness of breath	– Assist with inhaler use	– Avoid triggers, take prescribed medications regularly
Bruises	– Discoloration of the skin	– Apply cold compress	– Use protective gear during activities
Sprains or Strains	– Swelling, pain, limited range of motion	– R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)	– Warm-up before physical activity, proper technique
Hypothermia	– Shivering, confusion, weak pulse	– Move to a warm place, remove wet clothing	– Dress in layers, stay dry, avoid prolonged exposure to cold
Frostbite	– Numbness, pale or hardened skin	– Warm affected area with body heat or lukewarm water	– Dress warmly, protect extremities in cold weather
Burns – First, Second, Third Degree	– Redness, blisters (2nd), charred skin (3rd)	– First Aid: cool with running water (not ice) for 1st	– Avoid hot surfaces, use caution with hot liquids
		– Seek medical help for 2nd and 3rd-degree burns	– Install smoke detectors, be cautious in the kitchen
Concussion	– Headache, confusion, dizziness	– Rest, seek medical attention	– Use helmets during sports, follow safety guidelines
Convulsions/Seizures	– Uncontrolled muscle spasms, loss of consciousness	– Protect from injury, place on the side	– Identify triggers, take prescribed medications regularly
Unconsciousness	– Loss of responsiveness	– Call for emergency help, perform CPR if necessary	– Address underlying health issues, practice safety measures
Dehydration	– Thirst, dark urine, dizziness	– Rehydrate with water or oral rehydration solutions	– Drink an adequate amount of fluids regularly
Muscle Cramps	– Sudden, painful muscle contractions	– Stretch and massage the affected muscle	– Stay hydrated, maintain electrolyte balance
Heat Exhaustion	– Heavy sweating, weakness, nausea	– Move to a cool place, rehydrate, cool with damp cloths	– Stay hydrated, avoid excessive heat and humidity
Heat Stroke	– High body temperature, confusion, unconsciousness	– Call for emergency help, cool rapidly (ice bath)	– Stay hydrated, limit outdoor activities in extreme heat
Abdominal Pain	– Pain or discomfort in the abdomen	– Seek medical help, rest	– Maintain a healthy diet, manage stress
Broken, Chipped, or Loosened Tooth	– Visible damage to the tooth	– Rinse mouth with cold water, save broken pieces	– Wear mouthguards during sports, practice good dental hygiene

Requirement 13

Do the following:

1. Describe the conditions under which an injured person should be moved.
2. If a sick or an injured person must be moved, tell how you would determine the best method. Demonstrate this method.
3. With helpers under your supervision, improvise a stretcher and move a presumably unconscious person.

Part A

Moving an injured person should generally be avoided unless it is absolutely necessary for their safety. In many cases, moving an injured person can exacerbate their injuries or lead to further complications. However, there are situations where moving the person may be necessary, such as:

1. Immediate Danger:
   • If the injured person is in immediate danger, such as in a burning building, near a hazardous chemical spill, or in the path of oncoming traffic, it may be necessary to move them to a safer location.
2. Inadequate Care at the Scene:
   • If the injured person is not receiving appropriate care at the scene, and moving them to a safer place where they can receive medical attention is essential.
3. Obstruction of Medical Personnel:
   • If professional medical help is on the way, but the injured person is in a location that obstructs access for emergency responders, carefully moving them to a more accessible location may be necessary.
4. Need for CPR:
   • If the injured person is unresponsive, not breathing, and CPR is required, they should be moved to a firm, flat surface for the initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
5. Improper Positioning:
   • If the injured person is lying in a position that compromises their airway, and repositioning is necessary to ensure proper breathing.

Part B

When determining the best method to move a sick or injured person, it’s important to consider the nature and severity of their condition, the potential for exacerbating injuries, and the available resources. Here are general guidelines to help determine the best method and a demonstration:

Considerations:

1. Nature of the Injury or Illness:
   • Assess the person’s condition and understand the nature of their injury or illness. Consider whether movement is essential for their safety or if it can be avoided.
2. Severity of the Injury:
   • Assess the severity of the injury. If there is a risk of exacerbating the injury by moving the person, it may be safer to wait for professional medical help.
3. Location and Accessibility:
   • Consider the location of the person and the accessibility for professional medical personnel. If they are in a hazardous or inaccessible location, carefully moving them to a safer place may be necessary.
4. Resources and Assistance:
   • Assess the resources and assistance available. If you have help from others, it may be possible to move the person more safely.
5. Communication with the Injured Person:
   • Communicate with the injured person if they are conscious. Let them know your plan, and ask about any pain or discomfort during the process.

Demonstration:

Let’s consider an example where a person has a minor leg injury, and they need to be moved from a busy sidewalk to a safer location nearby.

1. Assess the Injury:
   • Evaluate the leg injury to ensure it’s stable and not worsening with movement.
2. Communication:
   • Talk to the injured person, explain your plan, and ensure they are comfortable with the movement.
3. Gather Assistance:
   • If possible, ask for assistance from bystanders to help with the movement.
4. Positioning:
   • If the person can bear weight on the uninjured leg, assist them in standing. If not, consider using a makeshift stretcher or carrying them with the help of others.
5. Use of Supportive Materials:
   • If available, use materials like jackets, blankets, or a sturdy board as a makeshift stretcher. Place the injured person on the stretcher and have others assist in carrying.
6. Minimize Movement:
   • Minimize unnecessary movement and ensure a smooth, controlled transfer to the new location.
7. Continuous Assessment:
   • Continuously assess the person’s comfort and well-being during the movement. If there are signs of increased pain or distress, stop and reassess.
8. Reach a Safe Location:
   • Move the person to a safer location away from the busy sidewalk.

Part C

Here is a method for improvising a stretcher from 2 sticks of poles and a piece of cloth

Materials Needed:

• Jackets, blankets, or similar pieces of clothing
• Sturdy poles or long, straight objects (e.g., broomsticks, wooden dowels, PVC pipes)

Procedure:

1. Prepare Materials:
   • Lay out the jackets or blankets on a flat surface. Make sure they are side by side and slightly overlapping to create a larger surface area.
2. Position Poles:
   • Place the sturdy poles or long objects along the length of the jackets or blankets. Ensure that they extend beyond the head and feet of the person.
3. Secure the Poles:
   • Tie the jackets or blankets tightly around the poles using knots or secure fastenings. This creates a supportive surface for the person.
4. Test Stability:
   • Gently lift the makeshift stretcher to ensure that it can support the person’s weight without collapsing.
5. Place the Person:
   • Carefully position the unconscious person onto the improvised stretcher, ensuring proper head and neck support.
6. Secure the Person:
   • Use additional clothing or belts to secure the person to the improvised stretcher, preventing them from sliding off.

Requirement 14

Teach another Scout a first-aid skill selected by your counselor.

The last requirement! Hopefully by this point you’ve learned a lot about how to give first aid in a wide variety of situations. To teach another scout these skills, I recommend using the EDGE method.

Conclusions

In conclusion, achieving the First Aid Merit Badge is not just a badge on your uniform; it’s a testament to your commitment to being a responsible and prepared individual. Through this guide, we’ve explored the essential skills and knowledge required to respond confidently in emergencies, making a positive impact on those around us. Remember, the ability to provide effective first aid is not only a Boy Scout skill but a life skill that. As you embark on this journey, continue to hone your skills, stay informed on the latest techniques, and always be ready to lend a helping hand. Whether you find yourself in the great outdoors or at home, the First Aid Merit Badge equips you with the tools to make a difference when it matters most.

Resources